Interface tactile pour la saisie guidée de connaissances

International audienceIn recent years, artificial intelligence tools have democratized and are increasingly used by people who are not experts in the field. These artificial intelligence tools, like rule-based or constraint-based systems require the input of human expertise to replicate the desired reasoning. Despite the explosion of new devices and new input paradigms, such as tablets and other touch interfaces, it seems that the usability of these tools have not taken advantage of these recent advances. In this article, we illustrate our concept with the rule edition in a fuzzy expert system. The special feature of fuzzy logic is that these rules look closer to natural language than classical logic. We present our work that involves the use of new touch interfaces to edit a fuzzy rule base with one finger. We end this section by the evaluation of the interface with a user panel.Au cours de ces dernières années, les outils d'intelligence artificielle se sont démocratisés et sont de plus en plus sou-vent utilisés par des personnes qui ne sont pas expertes du domaine. Parmi ces outils d'intelligence artificielle, les systèmes à base de règles ou de contraintes nécessitent la saisie de l'expertise humaine afin de reproduire le comporte-ment souhaité. Malgré l'explosion des nouveaux périphé-riques et de nouveaux paradigmes de saisie, comme les tablettes et autres interfaces tactiles, l'ergonomie de ces outils semble ne pas avoir profité de toutes ces avancées récentes. Dans cet article, nous prenons l'exemple d'un système expert flou pour lequel il faut rédiger des règles. La particu-larité de la logique floue est que ces règles sont construites d'une manière plus proche du langage naturel qu'en lo-gique classique. Nous présentons notre travail qui consiste en l'exploitation des nouvelles interfaces tactiles afin de rédiger une base de règles floues avec un seul doigt. Nous terminons cet article par l'évaluation de l'interface auprès d'un panel d'utilisateurs

F-transforms for the definition of contextual fuzzy partitions

Fuzzy partitions can be defined in many different ways, but usually, it is done taking into account the whole universe. In this paper, we present a method to define fuzzy partitions according to those elements in the universe holding certain fuzzy attribute. Specifically, we show how to define those fuzzy partitions by means of F-transforms.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science by the projects TIN15-70266-C2-P-1 and TIN2016-76653-

Measuring Relations Between Concepts In Conceptual Spaces

The highly influential framework of conceptual spaces provides a geometric way of representing knowledge. Instances are represented by points in a high-dimensional space and concepts are represented by regions in this space. Our recent mathematical formalization of this framework is capable of representing correlations between different domains in a geometric way. In this paper, we extend our formalization by providing quantitative mathematical definitions for the notions of concept size, subsethood, implication, similarity, and betweenness. This considerably increases the representational power of our formalization by introducing measurable ways of describing relations between concepts.Comment: Accepted at SGAI 2017 (http://www.bcs-sgai.org/ai2017/). The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71078-5_7. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1707.05165, arXiv:1706.0636

ClbP is a prototype of a peptidase subgroup involved in biosynthesis of nonribosomal peptides

The pks genomic island of Escherichia coli encodes polyketide (PK) and nonribosomal peptide (NRP) synthases that allow assembly of a putative hybrid PK-NRP compound named colibactin that induces DNA double-strand breaks in eukaryotic cells. The pks-encoded machinery harbors an atypical essential protein, ClbP. ClbP crystal structure and mutagenesis experiments revealed a serine-active site and original structural features compatible with peptidase activity, which was detected by biochemical assays. Ten ClbP homologs were identified in silico in NRP genomic islands of closely and distantly related bacterial species. All tested ClbP homologs were able to complement a clbP-deficient E. coli mutant. ClbP is therefore a prototype of a new subfamily of extracytoplasmic peptidases probably involved in the maturation of NRP compounds. Such peptidases will be powerful tools for the manipulation of NRP biosynthetic pathways

Superficial simplicity of the 2010 El Mayor–Cucapah earthquake of Baja California in Mexico

The geometry of faults is usually thought to be more complicated at the surface than at depth and to control the initiation, propagation and arrest of seismic ruptures. The fault system that runs from southern California into Mexico is a simple strike-slip boundary: the west side of California and Mexico moves northwards with respect to the east. However, the M_w 7.2 2010 El Mayor–Cucapah earthquake on this fault system produced a pattern of seismic waves that indicates a far more complex source than slip on a planar strike-slip fault. Here we use geodetic, remote-sensing and seismological data to reconstruct the fault geometry and history of slip during this earthquake. We find that the earthquake produced a straight 120-km-long fault trace that cut through the Cucapah mountain range and across the Colorado River delta. However, at depth, the fault is made up of two different segments connected by a small extensional fault. Both segments strike N130° E, but dip in opposite directions. The earthquake was initiated on the connecting extensional fault and 15 s later ruptured the two main segments with dominantly strike-slip motion. We show that complexities in the fault geometry at depth explain well the complex pattern of radiated seismic waves. We conclude that the location and detailed characteristics of the earthquake could not have been anticipated on the basis of observations of surface geology alone

Learning Tversky Similarity

In this paper, we advocate Tversky's ratio model as an appropriate basis for computational approaches to semantic similarity, that is, the comparison of objects such as images in a semantically meaningful way. We consider the problem of learning Tversky similarity measures from suitable training data indicating whether two objects tend to be similar or dissimilar. Experimentally, we evaluate our approach to similarity learning on two image datasets, showing that is performs very well compared to existing methods

N-(4-iodophenyl)-N′-(2-chloroethyl)urea as a microtubule disrupter: in vitro and in vivo profiling of antitumoral activity on CT-26 murine colon carcinoma cell line cultured and grafted to mice

The antitumoral profile of the microtubule disrupter N-(4-iodophenyl)-N′-(2-chloroethyl)urea (ICEU) was characterised in vitro and in vivo using the CT-26 colon carcinoma cell line, on the basis of the drug uptake by the cells, the modifications of cell cycle, and β-tubulin and lipid membrane profiles. N-(4-iodophenyl)-N′-(2-chloroethyl)urea exhibited a rapid and dose-dependent uptake by CT-26 cells suggesting its passive diffusion through the membranes. Intraperitoneally injected ICEU biodistributed into the grafted CT-26 tumour, resulting thus in a significant tumour growth inhibition (TGI). N-(4-iodophenyl)-N′-(2-chloroethyl)urea was also observed to accumulate within colon tissue. Tumour growth inhibition was associated with a slight increase in the number of G2 tetraploid tumour cells in vivo, whereas G2 blockage was more obvious in vitro. The phenotype of β-tubulin alkylation that was clearly demonstrated in vitro was undetectable in vivo. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that cells blocked in G2 phase underwent apoptosis, as confirmed by an increase in the methylene group resonance of mobile lipids, parallel to sub-G1 accumulation of the cells. In vivo, a decrease of the signals of both the phospholipid precursors and the products of membrane degradation occurred concomitantly with TGI. This multi-analysis established, at least partly, the ICEU activity profile, in vitro and in vivo, providing additional data in favour of ICEU as a tubulin-interacting drug accumulating within the intestinal tract. This may provide a starting point for researches for future efficacious tubulin-interacting drugs for the treatment of colorectal cancers